The Macedonian dataset stems from an anthropological survey conducted in 1956, which sought to detect differences in height between the genders and across three of Macedonia’s ethnic groups. The survey includes observations from cities and town across the country and includes individuals between the ages of 21 and 50 (birth decades between 1900 and 1930). The dataset contains 307 individuals of the Aromun, Muslim and “Macedonian” ethnic groups. Due to the anthropological strategy to sample in a representative way, no obvious social or labour market selectivity issues arise. The original measurements were taken in centimetres and no occupations were listed.