Marie Heineken produced this view of the southern edge of Amsterdam from a spot near the Vondelpark around 1890-95. In the foreground is Willemsparkweg which has not yet been built on. Left you can see Het Concertgebouw surrounded by fields. When it was completed in 1888 it was in the municipality of Nieuwer-Amstel. After the annexation of part of this municipality in 1896, the polder was to make way for the advancing city. The candle factory on Boerenwetering, notorious for its unpleasant smell, was closed in 1906. Three years earlier, the smoking chimney seen here collapsed.